Sefer ha-Bahir 148-150 -- the hidden light and the Torah
Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance
ספר הבהיר · קמח-קנ
canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
The hidden light, and the Torah. “The hiding of His might” as the concealed light, a portion of which is granted to those who keep the Torah and unify the Name (§ 148); the commandment as lamp and the Torah as light — the Oral Torah needing the Written, as a dark chamber needs a lamp even by day (§ 149); and the warning that whoever studies the account of creation and the account of the chariot cannot but stumble, yet by enduring the reproofs attains the way of life (§ 150).
A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim (two flagged dropped-digit slips: Psalm 31:2 for 31:20, Proverbs 6:3 for 6:23); the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.
וכתיב (חבקוק שם) קרנים מידו לו ושם חביון עוזו, מאי חביון עוזו, אלא אותו האור שגנז והחביא שנאמר (תהלים ל”א ב) אשר צפנת ליראיך, וזה שנשאר לנו (שם) פעלת לחוסים בך, אותם שחוסים בצלך בעוה”ז ושומרים תורתך ומקיימים מצותיך ומקדשים שמך הגדול ומיחדים בסתר ובגלוי שנאמר (שם) נגד בני אדם:
And it is written (Habakkuk 3:4), ‘rays from His hand to Him, and there is the hiding of His might (chevyon uzo).’ What is ‘the hiding of His might’? Rather, that light which He hid and concealed, as it is said (Psalm 31:20), ‘which You have hidden for those who fear You’; and this that remained for us (ibid.), ‘You have wrought for those who take refuge in You’ — those who take refuge in Your shadow in this world, and keep Your Torah, and fulfill Your commandments, and sanctify Your great Name, and unify [it] in secret and in the open, as it is said (ibid.), ‘before the sons of man.‘
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
אמר רבי רחומאי מלמד שהיא אורה לישראל ותורה אורה דכתיב (משלי ו’ ג) כי נר מצוה ותורה אור, ואמרינן נר זו מצוה ואורה זו תורה שבעל פה, ואור זו תורה שבכתב אלא מתוך שכבר מתקיים האור קרי ליה אור, משל למה”ד לחדר צנוע בסופו של הבית אע”פ שיום הוא ואור גדול בעולם אין אדם רואה באותו החדר אלא אם כן הכניס בו נר, כך תורה שבעל פה אע”פ שהוא אור צריכה היא לתורה שבכתב לפרק קושיותיה ולבאר סודותיה. נא:
Rabbi Rechumai said: it teaches that it is light to Israel, and Torah is light, as it is written (Proverbs 6:23), ‘for the commandment is a lamp (ner) and the Torah is light (or)’; and we say: the lamp (ner) — this is the commandment (mitzvah); and the light (orah) — this is the Oral Torah; and the light (or) — this is the Written Torah. But since the light is already established, it is called ‘light.’ A parable: to what is it comparable? To a hidden chamber at the end of the house — although it is day and there is great light in the world, no one sees in that chamber unless he brings a lamp into it; so [it is with] the Oral Torah: although it is light, it needs the Written Torah to resolve its difficulties and to explain its secrets.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
אמר רבי רחומאי מאי דכתיב (משלי ו’ כ”ג) ודרך חיים תוכחות מוסר, מלמד שכל הרגיל במעשה בראשית ובמעשי מרכבה אי אפשר שלא יכשל שנאמר (ישעי’ ג’ ו) והמכשלה הזאת תחת ידך. דברים שאין אדם יכול לעמוד בהן אלא אם כן נכשל בהן והתורה אומרת תוכחת מוסר, אבל באמת זוכה לדרך חיים, לפיכך מי שרוצה לזכות בדרך חיים יסבול תוכחות מוסר:
Rabbi Rechumai said: what is written (Proverbs 6:23), ‘and the way of life is the reproofs of instruction (tochachot musar)’? It teaches that whoever is engaged in the account of creation (ma’aseh bereshit) and the account of the chariot (ma’aseh merkavah), it is impossible that he not stumble, as it is said (Isaiah 3:6), ‘and let this ruin be under your hand’ — things upon which a person cannot stand unless he has stumbled in them; and the Torah says ‘the reproofs of instruction,’ but in truth he merits the way of life. Therefore, whoever wishes to merit the way of life should endure the reproofs of instruction.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
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This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.
Controlled terms noted in this passage: merkavah (rendered as the-divine-throne-vision). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.
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the hiding of His might
’The hiding of His might (chevyon uzo)’ (Habakkuk 3:4) is ‘that light which He hid and concealed’ (Psalm 31:20, continuing § 147’s hidden light). What ‘remained for us’ is ‘wrought for those who take refuge in You’ — those who keep the Torah, fulfill the commandments, sanctify the Name, and ‘unify [it] in secret and in the open, before the sons of man.’ Sod: the or ha-ganuz is the hidden ‘might’; a portion is granted in this world to those who serve and unify the Name openly and in secret.
the lamp, the Oral Torah, and the Written Torah
’For the commandment is a lamp (ner) and the Torah is light (or)’ (Proverbs 6:23): the lamp is the commandment; the ‘light (orah)’ is the Oral Torah; the ‘light (or)’ is the Written Torah. A parable: a hidden chamber at the end of the house cannot be seen, even in full day, without bringing a lamp in — so the Oral Torah, though itself light, ‘needs the Written Torah to resolve its difficulties and explain its secrets.’ Sod: the Written and Oral Torah are two lights that require each other; the Oral illumines the hidden places the Written cannot reach alone (cf. the two lights, § 147).
the account of creation and the chariot: the reproofs of instruction
’The way of life is the reproofs of instruction (tochachot musar)’ (Proverbs 6:23): whoever studies ‘the account of creation (ma’aseh bereshit)’ and ‘the account of the chariot (ma’aseh merkavah)’ — the two great esoteric disciplines — ‘cannot but stumble’ (Isaiah 3:6, ‘let this ruin be under your hand’), for these are ‘things a person cannot stand upon unless he has stumbled in them.’ The stumbling is the ‘reproof,’ but ‘in truth he merits the way of life.’ Sod: the deepest study is inseparable from error and correction; one attains ‘the way of life’ only by enduring the reproofs the esoteric path exacts.
Editorial decisions
- Psalm 31:20 citation. The verse ‘which You have hidden for those who fear You’ is Psalm 31:20; the source cites it as Psalm 31:2 (a dropped digit). Rendered at the correct locus with the slip noted. (claude-opus-4-8[session-pipe], 2026-07-03)
- Proverbs 6:23 citation. ‘For the commandment is a lamp and the Torah is light’ is Proverbs 6:23; the source cites it as Proverbs 6:3 (a dropped digit). The correct locus is confirmed by section 150, which cites the same verse (6:23) correctly for the next clause. Rendered at 6:23 with the slip noted. (claude-opus-4-8[session-pipe], 2026-07-03)
merkavah
Selected sense: the-divine-throne-vision
Active senses: the-divine-throne-vision, chariot
Rationale: § 150: ‘the account of the chariot (ma’aseh merkavah)’ — the esoteric discipline of the throne-chariot, paired with ‘the account of creation (ma’aseh bereshit).’ Rendered ‘the account of the chariot’; the frame hears the Merkavah as the mystical discipline of Ezekiel’s vision.
Lexicon: lexicon/merkavah
No public-domain translations indexed for this chunk.