Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 87-88 -- the ear, the eye, and thought

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance · Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)

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About Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 87-88 -- the ear, the eye, and thought

Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 87-88 is one of the book's decisive statements on thought (machashavah) as the highest, boundless grade. § 87: Ecclesiastes 1:8 -- "the ear is not filled from hearing" and "the eye is not satisfied with seeing" -- teaches that both organs "draw from thought," which is "a king whom all that was created needs, in the upper and the lower [worlds]." § 88 asks why the tradition says a thing "arose in thought (alah ba-machashavah)" and never "descended": because one who "gazes at the vision of the chariot" is said to descend -- "gazing (tzefiyah)" is a look from a height (the "watchtower," mitzpeh, of Isaiah 21:8) -- but thought has "no gazing at all, and no limit at all," and what is limitless has no descent. Hence the idiom: one may "descend to the depth of another's mind (da'at)," but never "to the depth of his thought (machashavah)."

Thought is set above even the chariot-vision and beyond da'at, the lower knowing -- the supernal grade that opens toward the Infinite (cf. §§ 70, 79). This is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

Sefer ha-Bahir 87-88 -- the ear, the eye, and thought

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance

ספר הבהיר · פז-פח

canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)

One of the Bahir’s decisive statements on thought. The ear and the eye are never filled because both draw from thought, the king all creation needs (§ 87); and thought is why the tradition says a thing “arose” in thought, never “descended” — the chariot-vision is “gazed at” and involves descent, but thought has no gazing and no limit, so no descent: one may plumb another’s mind (da’at), never his thought (machashavah) (§ 88).

A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.

כתיב (קהלת א’ ח) ולא תמלא אזן משמוע, וכתיב (שם) ולא תשבע עין לראות, מלמד ששניהם שואבים מן המחשבה, ומאי מחשבה, מלך שצריכים לו כל מה שנברא העולם בעליונים ובתחתונים:
It is written (Ecclesiastes 1:8), ‘the ear is not filled from hearing,’ and it is written (ibid.), ‘the eye is not satisfied with seeing’: teaching that both of them draw from thought (machashavah). And what is thought? A king whom all that was created in the world needs — in the upper [worlds] and in the lower.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
ומאי הוה הא דאמרינן עלה במחשבה, ולא אמרינן ירד, דהא אמרינן המסתכל בצפיית המרכבה ירד ואח”כ יעלה, התם משום דאמרינן המסתכל בצפיית המרכבה, וצפיית מתרגמינן סכותא ואמרינן (ישעי’ כ”א ח) ויקרא אריה על מצפה אדני, הכא במחשבה לית ליה צפייה כלל ולית ליה תכלית כלל, וכל דלית ליה תכלית וסוף לית ליה ירידה, כדאמרי אינשי ירד פלוני לסוף דעתו של חבירו לא לסוף מחשבתו:
And what is [the reason] that we say ‘it arose in thought (alah ba-machashavah)’ and we do not say ‘it descended’? For we say: one who gazes at the vision of the chariot (tzefiyat ha-merkavah) descends and afterward ascends. There [it says] ‘descends’ because we say ‘one who gazes upon the vision of the chariot,’ and ‘vision (tzefiyah)’ we render [in Aramaic as] ‘sekhuta,’ and it says (Isaiah 21:8), ‘and he called: a lion! upon the watchtower (mitzpeh) of the Lord.’ Here, with thought, there is no ‘gazing’ at all, and no limit at all; and everything that has no limit and no end has no descent, as people say, ‘so-and-so descended to the depth of his fellow’s mind (da’at)’ — and not ‘to the depth of his thought (machashavah).’
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
An orientation

This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.

Controlled terms noted in this passage: merkavah (rendered as the-divine-throne-vision). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.

Apparatus
Tradition
jewish-mysticism
Language
Hebrew
Period
late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna)
Attribution
Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)
Translator
Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
License
Underlying Bahir text public domain by age; digital Hebrew transcription from Hebrew Wikisource (CC-BY-SA) via Sefaria, credited; English rendering and apparatus CC-BY-SA-4.0
Provenance
The Sefer ha-Bahir is a late-12th-century work, in the public domain by age. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription (CC-BY-SA), retrieved via Sefaria and credited accordingly. This English rendering and its apparatus are a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

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Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah). "Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 87-88 -- the ear, the eye, and thought." Hekhal: An Open Reference for Esoteric Tradition. Last modified May 2, 2026. https://hekhal.org/texts/sefer-ha-bahir-87-88-targum.
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