Sefer ha-Bahir § 168 -- the eighth and the eight extremities

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance · Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)

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About Sefer ha-Bahir § 168 -- the eighth and the eight extremities

Sefer ha-Bahir § 168 explains why the covenant-grade is called "the eighth." Because in it "the eight begin and are completed" -- circumcision on the eighth day -- "yet in action it is the seventh." The eight are "the eight extremities in man": the two hands, the two feet, the head, the body, "the covenant (brit), which decides," and "his wife, who is his pair" -- "and he shall cleave to his wife, and they shall be one flesh" (Genesis 2:24). But these eight "are only seven, for the body and the covenant are one."

The covenant (brit) is Yesod, the deciding center of the human extremities as of the sefirot; circumcision marks the covenant-grade, at once the eighth (with the wife, the partner-grade / Malkhut) and the seventh (since body and covenant are one) -- the Bahir's fluid counting of the lower grades. This is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

Sefer ha-Bahir 168 -- the eighth and the eight extremities

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance

ספר הבהיר · קסח

canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)

Why the covenant-grade is called “the eighth.” Circumcision on the eighth day, yet in action the seventh; the eight extremities of man — two hands, two feet, head, body, the covenant that decides, and the wife who is his pair; and yet these eight are only seven, for body and covenant are one (§ 168).

A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.

ומאי ניהו שאמרת שמיני, מפני שבו נתחלו השמונה ובו נשלמו השמונה לחשבון, אך הוא בפעולה הוי שביעי, ומאי נינהו שנתחלו בן שמונת ימים דברית מילה ושמונה הם אינם אלא שבע, ומאי טעמא אמר קב”ה שמונה, מפני שהם שמונה קצוות שיש באדם. ומאי נינהו יד ימין ושמאל רגל ימין ושמאל ראש וגוף וברית מכריע ואשתו שהיא זוגו דכתיב (בראשית ב’ כד) ודבק באשתו והיו לבשר אחד הרי שמונה. ואלו הם שמונה ימי מילה כנגדן, ותמניא אלין לא הוי אלא שבעה דגוף וברית חד הוו, הרי שמונה:
And what is it that you said ‘the eighth’? Because in it the eight began and in it the eight were completed, for the count; but in action it is the seventh. And what are they [that] began? The son of eight days of circumcision (brit milah); and eight are only seven. And what is the reason the Holy One said eight? Because they are the eight extremities that are in man. And what are they? The hand, right and left; the foot, right and left; the head, and the body, and the covenant (brit), which decides; and his wife, who is his pair, as it is written (Genesis 2:24), ‘and he shall cleave to his wife, and they shall be one flesh’ — behold, eight. And these are the eight days of circumcision corresponding to them. And these eight are only seven, for the body and the covenant are one — [and yet] behold, eight.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
An orientation

This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.

Controlled terms noted in this passage: tzaddik (rendered as yesod). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.

Apparatus
Tradition
jewish-mysticism
Language
Hebrew
Period
late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna)
Attribution
Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)
Translator
Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
License
Underlying Bahir text public domain by age; digital Hebrew transcription from Hebrew Wikisource (CC-BY-SA) via Sefaria, credited; English rendering and apparatus CC-BY-SA-4.0
Provenance
The Sefer ha-Bahir is a late-12th-century work, in the public domain by age. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription (CC-BY-SA), retrieved via Sefaria and credited accordingly. This English rendering and its apparatus are a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

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Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah). "Sefer ha-Bahir § 168 -- the eighth and the eight extremities." Hekhal: An Open Reference for Esoteric Tradition. Last modified May 2, 2026. https://hekhal.org/texts/sefer-ha-bahir-168-targum.
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