Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 81-83 -- the letters and the seven limbs

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance · Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)

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About Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 81-83 -- the letters and the seven limbs

Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 81-83 reads the letters as living forces and the human body as a map of the divine. § 81: the shin is like a tree's crooked root (a planted branch becomes a root again), the zayin is the seven days of the week -- and "there is great wisdom in the ear, without limit; so too there is power in all the limbs." § 82: the seven limbs of a person, made "in the image of God" (Genesis 9:6; 1:27) -- the covenant of circumcision with a man's mate as one, the two hands (three), head and body (five), two legs (seven) -- have "their powers in heaven," "this corresponding to that" (Ecclesiastes 7:14); the vav, "nothing but six extremities," is the six days, each with its power. § 83: the nun teaches the mutual dependence of brain (mo'ach) and spinal cord; the bent nun is "foundation (yesod)," and the long final nun "is composed of male and female."

A dense stretch of letter- and body-mysticism -- the doctrine of "as above, so below," the human form mirroring the grades. This is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

Sefer ha-Bahir 81-83 -- the letters and the seven limbs

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance

ספר הבהיר · פא-פג

canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)

The letters as forces, and the body as a map of the divine. The shin like a tree’s crooked root, the zayin as the seven days, and boundless wisdom in the ear (§ 81); the seven limbs made in the image of God, mirrored by their “powers in heaven,” the vav as six extremities (§ 82); and the nun — the brain and the spinal cord, the bent nun as foundation, the long nun as male and female (§ 83).

A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim (with a flagged citation slip — § 82’s Psalm 104:5 for a verse at 104:2); the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.

כגון מאי, כגון שרש דשי”ן, דומיא דשרש האילן, ושורש כל האילן הוא מעוקם, ושי”ן בתרא מאי עבידתיה, ללמדך שאם תקח ענף ותטעהו ישוב שרש, זיי”ן מאי עבידתיה, כמנין ימי השבוע, ללמדך שכל יום יש לו ומאי עבידתיה הכא, ללמדך שיש חכמה גדולה באוזן לאין תכלית כך יש הכח בכל האיברים:
For example, what? Like the root of a shin (ש), similar to the root of a tree; and the root of every tree is crooked. And the latter shin — what is its function? To teach you that if you take a branch and plant it, it will again [become] a root. The zayin (ז) — what is its function? Like the number of the days of the week; to teach you that each day has [its own power]. And what is its function here? To teach you that there is great wisdom (chokhmah) in the ear, without limit; so too there is power in all the limbs.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
ומאי איברים שבע שיש באדם, דכתיב (בראשית ט’ ו) כי בצלם אלהים עשה את האדם, וכתיב (שם א כ”ז) בצלם אלהים ברא אותו, בכל איבריו ובכל חלקיו, והא אמרינן ו’ למה הוא דומה לעוטה אור כשלמה (תהלים ק”ד ה), דהא ו’ אינו אלא שש קצות, א”ל ברית מילה וזוגו של אדם חשבינן חד ושתי ידיו שלשה, ראשו וגופו חמשה שתי שוקיו שבעה, וכנגדן כוחותם בשמים דכתיב (קהלת ז’ יד) גם את זה לעומת זה עשה האלהים, והיינו ימים (שמות ל”א יז) כי ששת ימים עשה ה’ את השמים ואת הארץ, ולא אמר בששת ימים מלמד כי כל יום ויום יש לו כחו:
And what are the limbs? Seven that are in a person, as it is written (Genesis 9:6), ‘for in the image of God He made man,’ and it is written (Genesis 1:27), ‘in the image of God He created him’ — in all his limbs and all his parts. And behold, we said: the vav (ו), to what is it like? To ‘the One who wraps light like a garment’ (Psalm 104:5 in the source; the verse is at 104:2); for the vav is nothing but six extremities. He said: the covenant of circumcision and a man’s mate we reckon as one; and his two hands, three; his head and his body, five; his two legs, seven. And corresponding to them are their powers in heaven, as it is written (Ecclesiastes 7:14), ‘God has made this corresponding to that (zeh le’umat zeh)’; and these are the days (Exodus 31:17), ‘for six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth’ — and it did not say ‘in six days,’ teaching that each and every day has its power.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
ומאי נו”ן, ללמדך שהמוח הוא עיקר חוט השדרה, ומשם הוא שואף תמיד, אלמלא חוט השדרה לא יתקיים המוח, ובלי מוח לא יתקיים הגוף, כי כל הגוף הוא לצורך המוח, ואם לא יתקיים כל הגוף לא יתקיים המוח, על כן חוט השדרה מריק לכל הגוף מן המוח, והיא נו”ן כפופה, והא נו”ן זאת ארוכה היא, נו”ן ארוכה לעולם בהשלמת המלה, ללמדך שנו”ן ארוכה כוללת הכפופה וארוכה, אבל כפופה יסוד, ללמדך שנו”ן ארוכה כלולה מזכר ונקבה:
And what is the nun (נ)? To teach you that the brain (mo’ach) is the root of the spinal cord, and from there it draws continually; were it not for the spinal cord, the brain would not endure; and without the brain, the body would not endure, for the whole body is for the sake of the brain; and if the whole body did not endure, the brain would not endure. Therefore the spinal cord pours out to the whole body from the brain; and it is a bent nun (נ). But this nun is a long one (ן)! The long nun is always at the completion of a word, to teach you that the long nun includes the bent and the long; but the bent is foundation (yesod), to teach you that the long nun is composed of male and female.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
An orientation

This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.

Controlled terms noted in this passage: chokhmah (rendered as wisdom). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.

Apparatus
Tradition
jewish-mysticism
Language
Hebrew
Period
late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna)
Attribution
Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)
Translator
Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
License
Underlying Bahir text public domain by age; digital Hebrew transcription from Hebrew Wikisource (CC-BY-SA) via Sefaria, credited; English rendering and apparatus CC-BY-SA-4.0
Provenance
The Sefer ha-Bahir is a late-12th-century work, in the public domain by age. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription (CC-BY-SA), retrieved via Sefaria and credited accordingly (including its citation of Psalm 104:5 where the verse is at 104:2, flagged in the text). This English rendering and its apparatus are a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

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Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah). "Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 81-83 -- the letters and the seven limbs." Hekhal: An Open Reference for Esoteric Tradition. Last modified May 2, 2026. https://hekhal.org/texts/sefer-ha-bahir-81-83-targum.
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