Sefer ha-Bahir 190-191 -- the first light and the rejected stone
Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance
ספר הבהיר · קצ-קצא
canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
The great themes gathered into one. The first light hidden for the righteous, refracted into a precious stone adorned with all the commandments, distributed as the measures of the patriarchs — Abraham’s loving-kindness, Isaac’s dread, Jacob’s truth and peace — so that the stone the builders rejected becomes the cornerstone (§ 190); and Abraham as living loving-kindness, who “made the world meritorious, even the guilty,” so that “one who comes to purify himself is helped” (§ 191).
A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.
ומאי ניהו יראת ה’, האור הראשון דאמר ר’ מאי דכתיב (בראשית א’ ג) ויאמר אלהים ויהי אור ויהי אור, ולא אמר ויהי כן, אלא מלמד שהאור ההוא היה גדול מאד ואין כל בריה יכולה להסתכל בו גנזו הקב”ה לצדיקים לעתיד לבוא, והיא מדת כל סחורה שבעולם, והיא כח אבן יקרה שקורין סוחרת ודר, ועל מה היא מדת דר, אלא מלמד שלקח הקב”ה מזיווה אחד מאלפים ובנה ממנה אבן יקרה נאה ומקושטת וכלל בה כל המצות. ובא אברהם ובקש כח לתת לו ונתנו לו אבן יקרה זו, ולא רצה אותה, זכה ולקח מדתו החסד דכתיב (מיכה ז’ כ) חסד לאברהם, בא יצחק ובקש כח ונתנו לו ולא רצה בה זכה ונטל מדת הגבורה דהיינו הפחד דכתיב (בראשית ל”א נג) וישבע יעקב בפחד אביו יצחק, בא יעקב ורצה בה ולא נתנוה לו, אמרו לו הואיל ואברהם למעלה ויצחק תחתיו אתה תהיה באמצע ותטול שלשתן, ומאי ניהו אמצע, היינו שלום, והכתיב (מיכה שם) תתן אמת ליעקב, י אמת ושלום חד הוי כד”א (אסתר ט’ ל) דברי שלום ואמת, (מ”ב כ’ יט) כי אם שלום ואמת יהיה בימי, והיינו דכתיב (ישעי’ נ”ח יד) והאכלתיך נחלת יעקב אביך, דהיינו נחלה גמורה דאית ליה החס”ד והפח”ד והאמ”ת והשלו”ם ולפיכך אמר (תהלים קי”ח כב) אבן מאסו הבונים היתה לראש פנה, אבן שמאסו אברהם ויצחק שבנו את העולם היתה עתה לראש פנה:
And what is ‘the fear of the LORD’? The first light, of which Rabbi [Meir] said: what is written (Genesis 1:3), ‘and God said, let there be light, and there was light,’ and it did not say ‘and it was so’? Rather, it teaches that that light was very great, and no creature could gaze upon it; the Holy One hid it for the righteous in the time to come. And it is the measure of all the merchandise in the world; and it is the power of a precious stone that is called ‘socheret and dar.’ And on what account is it the measure of ‘dar’? Rather, it teaches that the Holy One took one part in a thousand of its radiance and built from it a precious stone, fair and adorned, and included in it all the commandments. And Abraham came and asked that a power be given to him, and this precious stone was given to him, and he did not want it; he merited and took his measure, loving-kindness (chesed), as it is written (Micah 7:20), ‘loving-kindness to Abraham.’ Isaac came and asked for a power, and it was given to him, and he did not want it; he merited and took the measure of might (gevurah), which is the dread, as it is written (Genesis 31:53), ‘and Jacob swore by the Dread of his father Isaac.’ Jacob came and wanted it, and it was not given to him; they said to him: since Abraham is above and Isaac beneath him, you shall be in the middle and take [of] the three of them. And what is ‘the middle’? It is peace (shalom); and it is written (Micah, ibid.), ‘you give truth to Jacob’ — truth and peace are one, as it is said (Esther 9:30), ‘words of peace and truth,’ [and] (2 Kings 20:19), ‘for there shall be peace and truth in my days.’ And this is what is written (Isaiah 58:14), ‘and I will feed you the inheritance of Jacob your father’ — that is, a complete inheritance that has the loving-kindness and the dread and the truth and the peace. And therefore it says (Psalm 118:22), ‘the stone the builders rejected has become the head of the corner’ — the stone that Abraham and Isaac, who built the world, rejected, has now become the head of the corner.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
ולמה מאסו בה והלא נאמר (בראשית כ”ו ה) עקב אשר שמע אברהם בקולי וישמור משמרתי מצותי חקותי ותורותי, מאי משמרתי, כך אמרה מדת החסד כל ימי היות אברהם בעולם לא הוצרכתי אני לעשות מלאכתי שהרי אברהם עמד שם במקומי וישמור משמרתי, כי אני זאת מלאכתי שאני מזכה את העולם ואפי’ נתחייבו אני מזכה אותם, ועוד משיבם ומביא בלבם לעשות רצון אביהם שבשמים, וכל זה עשה אברהם דכתיב (שם כ”א לג) ויטע אשל בבאר שבע ויקרא שם בשם ה’ אל עולם, סדר לחמו ומימיו לכל באי עולם והיה מזכה אותם ומדבר על לבם למי אתם עובדים, עבדו את ה’ אלהי השמים והארץ, והיה דורש להם עד שהיו שבים, ומנא לן שאף החייבים היה מזכה שנאמר (שם י”ח י”ז) המכסה אני מאברהם אשר אני עושה ואברהם היו יהיה לגוי גדול ועצום ונברכו בו כל גויי הארץ, אלא אזכהו שידעתי שיבקש עליהם רחמים ויזכה, וכי אפשר לומר שלא ידע הקב”ה שלא יוכלו להנצל, אלא לזכותו קאמר, מכאן אמרו הבא ליטהר מסייעין לו, הבא ליטמא פותחין לו, מאי פותחין לו, אותן הפתוחים תמיד:
And why did they reject it? Is it not said (Genesis 26:5), ‘because Abraham hearkened to My voice, and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My teachings’? What is ‘My charge’? Thus said the measure of loving-kindness (chesed): all the days that Abraham was in the world, I did not need to do my work, for Abraham stood there in my place and ‘kept my charge’; for this is my work — that I make the world meritorious, and even if they are guilty I make them meritorious; and moreover I turn them and bring [it] into their hearts to do the will of their Father in heaven. And all this Abraham did, as it is written (Genesis 21:33), ‘and he planted a tamarisk in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God’ — he arranged his bread and his water for all who come into the world, and made them meritorious, and spoke to their hearts: whom do you serve? Serve the LORD, the God of heaven and earth; and he expounded to them until they repented. And whence [do we know] that he made even the guilty meritorious? As it is said (Genesis 18:17), ‘shall I hide from Abraham what I am doing? And Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him’ — rather, I will make him meritorious, for I knew that he would seek mercy for them and make [them] meritorious. And is it possible to say that the Holy One did not know that they could not be saved? Rather, [it was] to make him meritorious that He said [it]. From here they said: one who comes to purify himself is helped; one who comes to defile himself is given an opening. What is ‘given an opening’? Those [doors] that are always open.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
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This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.
Controlled terms noted in this passage: chesed (rendered as loving-kindness), gevurah (rendered as might), tiferet (rendered as the-sixth-sefirah). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.
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the first light, the precious stone, and the patriarchs
’The fear of the LORD’ is the first light (Genesis 1:3) — too great for any creature, hidden for the righteous (the or ha-ganuz, §§ 147, 160), ‘the measure of all merchandise,’ the power of a precious stone called ‘socheret and dar.’ From a thousandth of its radiance the Holy One built a precious stone ‘including all the commandments,’ offered to the patriarchs. Abraham took the measure of loving-kindness (Chesed; Micah 7:20), Isaac the measure of might / dread (Gevurah; Genesis 31:53); Jacob, ‘in the middle,’ took of all three — ‘peace,’ for ‘truth and peace are one’ (Esther 9:30; 2 Kings 20:19), ‘the inheritance of Jacob’ (Isaiah 58:14) that holds chesed, dread, truth, and peace (Tiferet). Sod: the primordial light, refracted into the precious stone (the Shekhinah / Malkhut, adorned with all the commandments), is distributed as the measures of the patriarchs; the ‘stone the builders rejected’ (Psalm 118:22) — rejected by Abraham and Isaac who ‘built the world’ — becomes the cornerstone (the last grade, or Jacob / Tiferet, completing the structure).
Abraham’s loving-kindness: making the world meritorious
Why did Abraham and Isaac ‘reject’ the stone? Because ‘Abraham kept My charge’ (Genesis 26:5): the measure of loving-kindness itself says that while Abraham lived, ‘I did not need to do my work, for Abraham stood in my place’ — for its work is ‘to make the world meritorious (mezakeh), even the guilty,’ turning hearts to the Father in heaven. Abraham did just this: ‘he planted a tamarisk in Beersheba and called on the name of the LORD’ (Genesis 21:33), feeding all comers and drawing them to God. Even the guilty of Sodom he made meritorious — ‘shall I hide from Abraham what I do?’ (Genesis 18:17) — God ‘made him meritorious’ by letting him plead. Hence: ‘one who comes to purify himself is helped; one who comes to defile himself is given an opening’ (Shabbat 104a) — the open doors always standing. Sod: Abraham embodies Chesed, the grade that acquits and draws the world to good; the human tzaddik enacts the measure, and the closing maxim frames the whole book’s ethic — the turn toward purity is met and helped from above.
chesed
Selected sense: loving-kindness
Active senses: loving-kindness, the-sefirah-chesed
Rationale: §§ 190-191: Abraham’s measure, ‘loving-kindness (chesed)’ (Micah 7:20), the grade that ‘makes the world meritorious.’ Rendered ‘loving-kindness’; the frame hears Chesed, the right arm.
Lexicon: lexicon/chesed
gevurah
Selected sense: might
Active senses: might, judgment, the-sefirah-gevurah
Rationale: § 190: Isaac’s ‘measure of might (gevurah), which is the dread’ (Genesis 31:53). Rendered ‘might’; the frame hears Gevurah / Pachad, the left arm.
Lexicon: lexicon/gevurah
tiferet
Selected sense: the-sixth-sefirah
Active senses: the-sixth-sefirah, beauty-glory
Rationale: § 190: Jacob ‘in the middle,’ the measure of truth (emet) and peace (shalom) that takes of all three. Rendered as the middle/peace grade; the frame hears Tiferet, the harmonizing center, ‘truth and peace are one.‘
Lexicon: lexicon/tiferet
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