Sefer ha-Bahir 185-186 -- Torah as loving-kindness and the seven spirits
Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance
ספר הבהיר · קפה-קפו
canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
Torah-study as loving-kindness, and the seven spirits as the sefirot. Whoever studies Torah “does loving-kindness with his Maker” and “helps” Him (§ 185); and the seven spirits of Isaiah 11:2 — wisdom and understanding, counsel and might, knowledge and the fear of the LORD — read as the grades, with the fear of the LORD as “the treasury of the Torah” that must be gained before Torah, as one brings a vessel before the honey (§ 186).
A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim (§ 186’s numeral for “the fear of the LORD is his treasure” is garbled; the verse is Isaiah 33:6); the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.
ובמה יתחסד עם קונו, בתלמוד תורה, שכל הלומד תורה גומל חסד לקונו דכתיב (שם ל”ג כו) רוכב שמים בעזרך, הוי אומר כשאתם לומדים תורה לשמה אזי אתם עוזרים לי ואני רוכב שמים, ואז ובגאותו שחקים (שם), ומאי שחקים, הוי אומר בחדרי חדרים כדמתרגמינן ומימריה בשמי שמיא, הילכך לא על הלחם לבדו יחיה האדם אלא על כל מוצא פי ה’ שהיא תורה שיצאה מפי ה’ עליה יחיה האדם, וכסיל יענה עזות, עזוב עזות ולא תענה כאשר ענית, הלכך נענש, ומה עונשו כבר פירשתיו:
And by what does one do loving-kindness with his Maker? By the study of Torah; for whoever studies Torah does loving-kindness with his Maker, as it is written (Deuteronomy 33:26), ‘who rides the heavens in your help’ — say: when you study Torah for its own sake, then you help Me, and I ride the heavens; and then ‘and in His majesty the skies (shechakim)’ (ibid.). And what is ‘skies (shechakim)’? Say: in the innermost chambers, as we render [in the Targum], ‘and His word is in the highest heavens.’ Therefore, ‘not by bread alone does man live, but by every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD’ — which is the Torah that came out from the mouth of the LORD; upon it does man live. And ‘a fool answers with insolence’ — abandon insolence, and do not answer as you answered; therefore he was punished, and what is his punishment? I have already explained it.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
מאי דכתיב (איוב ט”ו ב) החכם יענה דעת רוח, מאי ניהו דעת רוח, אלא דעת שקרוב לרוח, דכתיב (ישעי’ י”א ב) ונחה עליו רוח ה’ רוח חכמה ובינה, חכמה ואחריו בינה, ובבינה עצה וגבורה ודעת ויראת ה’, והאמרת לן שעצה זו גמילת חסדים ובינה זו מדת הדין דעת זו האמת, וכן הדעת שבה בוחן שאדם האמת, יראת ה’ היא אוצרה של תורה. והיינו דאמרי אנא אלא שזו למעלה, דאמר ר’ עקיבא כל מה שברא הקב”ה ברא לנגד שנאמר (קהלת ז’ יד) גמ את זה לעומת זה עשה האלהים, ומאי ניהו אוצרה של תורה דכתיב (ישעי) י”ג יראת ה’ היא אוצרו, לפיכך צריך אדם שיהא ירא שמים תחילה ואח”כ ילמוד תורה משל לאדם שבא לקנות דבש תמרים ולא הוליך כלי להביאם אמר אביאם בחיקי, הביאם בחיקו כבד משאם עליו, פחד פן יקרעו ויתלכלכו הבגדים וזרקם בדרך, נענש שנים אחת משום הפסדן אוכלים ואחת משום איבוד ממונו:
What is written (Job 15:2), ‘should a wise man answer with windy knowledge (da’at ruach)’? What is ‘windy knowledge (da’at ruach)’? Rather, knowledge that is near to the spirit (ruach), as it is written (Isaiah 11:2), ‘and the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding (chokhmah u-vinah)’ — wisdom, and after it understanding; and in understanding [are] counsel and might and knowledge and the fear of the LORD (etzah ve-gevurah ve-da’at ve-yirat H’). And you told us that ‘counsel (etzah)’ is the doing of loving-kindnesses, and ‘understanding (binah)’ is the measure of judgment, ‘knowledge (da’at)’ is the truth — and so [it is] the knowledge by which one tests that a man is true; ‘the fear of the LORD (yirat H’)’ is the treasury of the Torah. And this is what I say — only that this [fear] is above; for Rabbi Akiva said: all that the Holy One created, He created facing [an opposite], as it is said (Ecclesiastes 7:14), ‘God has made this over against that.’ And what is the treasury of the Torah? As it is written (Isaiah 33:6), ‘the fear of the LORD, that is his treasure.’ Therefore a man must first be one who fears Heaven, and afterward study Torah. A parable: to a man who came to buy date-honey and did not bring a vessel to carry it; he said, ‘I will bring it in my bosom.’ He brought it in his bosom; its burden was heavy upon him; he feared lest [the garments] tear and the clothes be soiled, and he threw it on the road. He was punished twofold: one on account of the loss of food, and one on account of the waste of his money.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
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This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.
Controlled terms noted in this passage: chokhmah (rendered as wisdom), binah (rendered as understanding), gevurah (rendered as judgment). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.
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Torah as loving-kindness with the Maker
One does ‘loving-kindness (chesed) with his Maker’ by studying Torah — ‘who rides the heavens in your help’ (Deuteronomy 33:26): ‘when you study Torah for its own sake, you help Me, and I ride the heavens.’ ‘Skies (shechakim)’ is ‘the innermost chambers’ (the Targum’s ‘His word in the highest heavens’). ‘Not by bread alone… but by every word from the mouth of the LORD’ — the Torah is that word, and man lives by it. Sod: the study of Torah is a theurgic act that ‘helps’ God — draws the flow and upholds the upper world; the true life of man is the Torah, the word that proceeds from the divine mouth (cf. Chesed as the Torah, §§ 136, 149).
the seven spirits of Isaiah 11:2 and the fear of the LORD
’Windy knowledge (da’at ruach)’ (Job 15:2) is ‘knowledge near to the spirit’ — the seven spirits of ‘the spirit of the LORD… wisdom and understanding, counsel and might, knowledge and the fear of the LORD’ (Isaiah 11:2), read as the sefirot: chokhmah and binah at the head, and ‘in binah’ the lower attributes — counsel (etzah) = loving-kindness (Chesed); binah itself = the measure of judgment (Din / Gevurah); knowledge (da’at) = truth (the testing of what is true, Tiferet); and the fear of the LORD (yirat H’) = ‘the treasury of the Torah’ (Isaiah 33:6, ‘the fear of the LORD, that is his treasure’) — the receiving grade (Malkhut / the Shekhinah). ‘All that the Holy One created, He created facing an opposite’ (Ecclesiastes 7:14, Rabbi Akiva). Sod: fear (the lowest grade) must come first and Torah after, as one must bring a vessel before the honey — else, like the man who carried date-honey in his bosom and threw it away, one loses both the food and the money. (The verbatim Hebrew’s numeral for ‘the fear of the LORD is his treasure’ is garbled; the verse is Isaiah 33:6.)
Editorial decisions
- Isaiah 33:6 citation. ‘The fear of the LORD, that is his treasure’ is Isaiah 33:6; the verbatim Hebrew’s numeral is garbled (appears as ‘Isaiah 13’). Rendered at the correct locus with the slip noted. (claude-opus-4-8[session-pipe], 2026-07-04)
chokhmah
Selected sense: wisdom
Active senses: wisdom, the-supernal-point
Rationale: § 186: ‘the spirit of wisdom and understanding (chokhmah u-vinah)’ (Isaiah 11:2), the first two of the seven spirits. Rendered ‘wisdom’; the frame hears Chokhmah, the second grade.
Lexicon: lexicon/chokhmah
binah
Selected sense: understanding
Active senses: understanding, imma
Rationale: § 186: ‘understanding (binah),’ ‘in understanding [are] counsel and might and knowledge and the fear of the LORD,’ and ‘binah is the measure of judgment.’ Rendered ‘understanding’; the frame hears Binah, the third grade, source of the lower attributes.
Lexicon: lexicon/binah
gevurah
Selected sense: judgment
Active senses: judgment, might, the-sefirah-gevurah
Rationale: § 186: ‘might (gevurah)’ among the seven spirits, and ‘binah is the measure of judgment (din).’ Rendered ‘might’; the frame hears Gevurah / Din.
Lexicon: lexicon/gevurah
No public-domain translations indexed for this chunk.