Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 185-186 -- Torah as loving-kindness and the seven spirits

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance · Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)

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About Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 185-186 -- Torah as loving-kindness and the seven spirits

Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 185-186 reads Torah-study as loving-kindness and the seven spirits of Isaiah 11:2 as the sefirot. § 185: one does loving-kindness with his Maker by studying Torah -- "who rides the heavens in your help" (Deuteronomy 33:26): "when you study Torah for its own sake, you help Me, and I ride the heavens"; and "not by bread alone does man live, but by every word from the mouth of the LORD" -- the Torah. § 186: "windy knowledge" (Job 15:2) is "knowledge near to the spirit" -- the seven spirits of "the spirit of the LORD... wisdom and understanding, counsel and might, knowledge and the fear of the LORD" (Isaiah 11:2), the sefirot: Ḥokhmah and Binah at the head, and in Binah the lower attributes -- counsel = loving-kindness (Ḥesed), Binah = the measure of judgment (Din), knowledge = truth, and the fear of the LORD = "the treasury of the Torah" (Isaiah 33:6). "All that the Holy One created, He created facing an opposite" (Ecclesiastes 7:14, Rabbi Akiva); so fear must come before Torah, as one must bring a vessel before the honey.

Study as a theurgic help to God; and the seven biblical "spirits" read as the grades, with fear (the lowest, the receiving grade) as the treasury that must be gained first. This is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction; the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

Sefer ha-Bahir 185-186 -- Torah as loving-kindness and the seven spirits

Sefer ha-Bahir · The Book of Brilliance

ספר הבהיר · קפה-קפו

canonical late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna) Hebrew Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Nehunya ben ha-Kanah) tr. Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)

Torah-study as loving-kindness, and the seven spirits as the sefirot. Whoever studies Torah “does loving-kindness with his Maker” and “helps” Him (§ 185); and the seven spirits of Isaiah 11:2 — wisdom and understanding, counsel and might, knowledge and the fear of the LORD — read as the grades, with the fear of the LORD as “the treasury of the Torah” that must be gained before Torah, as one brings a vessel before the honey (§ 186).

A provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim (§ 186’s numeral for “the fear of the LORD is his treasure” is garbled; the verse is Isaiah 33:6); the standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) is under copyright.

ובמה יתחסד עם קונו, בתלמוד תורה, שכל הלומד תורה גומל חסד לקונו דכתיב (שם ל”ג כו) רוכב שמים בעזרך, הוי אומר כשאתם לומדים תורה לשמה אזי אתם עוזרים לי ואני רוכב שמים, ואז ובגאותו שחקים (שם), ומאי שחקים, הוי אומר בחדרי חדרים כדמתרגמינן ומימריה בשמי שמיא, הילכך לא על הלחם לבדו יחיה האדם אלא על כל מוצא פי ה’ שהיא תורה שיצאה מפי ה’ עליה יחיה האדם, וכסיל יענה עזות, עזוב עזות ולא תענה כאשר ענית, הלכך נענש, ומה עונשו כבר פירשתיו:
And by what does one do loving-kindness with his Maker? By the study of Torah; for whoever studies Torah does loving-kindness with his Maker, as it is written (Deuteronomy 33:26), ‘who rides the heavens in your help’ — say: when you study Torah for its own sake, then you help Me, and I ride the heavens; and then ‘and in His majesty the skies (shechakim)’ (ibid.). And what is ‘skies (shechakim)’? Say: in the innermost chambers, as we render [in the Targum], ‘and His word is in the highest heavens.’ Therefore, ‘not by bread alone does man live, but by every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD’ — which is the Torah that came out from the mouth of the LORD; upon it does man live. And ‘a fool answers with insolence’ — abandon insolence, and do not answer as you answered; therefore he was punished, and what is his punishment? I have already explained it.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
מאי דכתיב (איוב ט”ו ב) החכם יענה דעת רוח, מאי ניהו דעת רוח, אלא דעת שקרוב לרוח, דכתיב (ישעי’ י”א ב) ונחה עליו רוח ה’ רוח חכמה ובינה, חכמה ואחריו בינה, ובבינה עצה וגבורה ודעת ויראת ה’, והאמרת לן שעצה זו גמילת חסדים ובינה זו מדת הדין דעת זו האמת, וכן הדעת שבה בוחן שאדם האמת, יראת ה’ היא אוצרה של תורה. והיינו דאמרי אנא אלא שזו למעלה, דאמר ר’ עקיבא כל מה שברא הקב”ה ברא לנגד שנאמר (קהלת ז’ יד) גמ את זה לעומת זה עשה האלהים, ומאי ניהו אוצרה של תורה דכתיב (ישעי) י”ג יראת ה’ היא אוצרו, לפיכך צריך אדם שיהא ירא שמים תחילה ואח”כ ילמוד תורה משל לאדם שבא לקנות דבש תמרים ולא הוליך כלי להביאם אמר אביאם בחיקי, הביאם בחיקו כבד משאם עליו, פחד פן יקרעו ויתלכלכו הבגדים וזרקם בדרך, נענש שנים אחת משום הפסדן אוכלים ואחת משום איבוד ממונו:
What is written (Job 15:2), ‘should a wise man answer with windy knowledge (da’at ruach)’? What is ‘windy knowledge (da’at ruach)’? Rather, knowledge that is near to the spirit (ruach), as it is written (Isaiah 11:2), ‘and the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding (chokhmah u-vinah)’ — wisdom, and after it understanding; and in understanding [are] counsel and might and knowledge and the fear of the LORD (etzah ve-gevurah ve-da’at ve-yirat H’). And you told us that ‘counsel (etzah)’ is the doing of loving-kindnesses, and ‘understanding (binah)’ is the measure of judgment, ‘knowledge (da’at)’ is the truth — and so [it is] the knowledge by which one tests that a man is true; ‘the fear of the LORD (yirat H’)’ is the treasury of the Torah. And this is what I say — only that this [fear] is above; for Rabbi Akiva said: all that the Holy One created, He created facing [an opposite], as it is said (Ecclesiastes 7:14), ‘God has made this over against that.’ And what is the treasury of the Torah? As it is written (Isaiah 33:6), ‘the fear of the LORD, that is his treasure.’ Therefore a man must first be one who fears Heaven, and afterward study Torah. A parable: to a man who came to buy date-honey and did not bring a vessel to carry it; he said, ‘I will bring it in my bosom.’ He brought it in his bosom; its burden was heavy upon him; he feared lest [the garments] tear and the clothes be soiled, and he threw it on the road. He was punished twofold: one on account of the loss of food, and one on account of the waste of his money.
Provisional draft (pending scholarly review)
An orientation

This edition sets the verbatim Hebrew beside a fresh English rendering and a critical apparatus: a running commentary on the passage, notes on the controlled vocabulary and the rendering chosen for each term, and cross-references to the lexicon and to related sections. It is a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor.

Controlled terms noted in this passage: chokhmah (rendered as wisdom), binah (rendered as understanding), gevurah (rendered as judgment). For each, the apparatus carries the sense set and the reason for the rendering chosen.

Apparatus
Tradition
jewish-mysticism
Language
Hebrew
Period
late 12th c., Provence (ascribed to the 1st c. tanna)
Attribution
Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah)
Translator
Hekhal Targum Project (machine-assisted draft; pending scholarly review)
License
Underlying Bahir text public domain by age; digital Hebrew transcription from Hebrew Wikisource (CC-BY-SA) via Sefaria, credited; English rendering and apparatus CC-BY-SA-4.0
Provenance
The Sefer ha-Bahir is a late-12th-century work, in the public domain by age. The Hebrew is reproduced verbatim from the Hebrew Wikisource transcription (CC-BY-SA), retrieved via Sefaria and credited accordingly (§ 186 gives a garbled numeral for "the fear of the LORD is his treasure"; the verse is Isaiah 33:6, flagged in the apparatus). This English rendering and its apparatus are a provisional scholarly draft, released openly for correction and not yet reviewed by a credentialed editor. The standard modern English translation (Kaplan, 1979) remains under copyright.

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Anonymous (attributed to Rabbi Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah). "Sefer ha-Bahir §§ 185-186 -- Torah as loving-kindness and the seven spirits." Hekhal: An Open Reference for Esoteric Tradition. Last modified May 2, 2026. https://hekhal.org/texts/sefer-ha-bahir-185-186-targum.
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